Transliteration Tools
Prof M Basanna

Language is a medium of exchange of thought. It must be simple and easy to learn.

Learning an Indian Language is not so easy as learning English. In English there are only 26 letters. That is not the case with these. In order to make it simple and easy to learn we use only 15 vowels and 34 consonants. They are shown below:

Vowels have two forms...

(i) Primary forms, having independent existence.

(ii) Secondary forms, that join with consonants.

These secondary forms are called diacritics. When a vowel is added to a consonant it gives a special pronunciation. Vowels and diacritics are just sufficient to learn. This makes it easy to read and write, as well as communicate. Other rigorous learning is not necessary.

We present here the vowels and consonants used in some of them. These are Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil.

The diacritics are shown for the consonant “ka”. This can be applied to other consonants too.

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Hindi
Vowels
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ
ऎ ए ऐ ऒ ओ औ अं अः
Consonants
क ख ग घ ङ | च छ ज झ ज
ट ठ ड ढ ण | त थ द ध न
प फ ब भ म | य र ल व श
ष स ह ळ
Diacritics
|क्‌+अ=क|क+आ=का|क+इ=कि|
|क+ई=की|क+उ=कु|क+ऊ=कू|
|क+ऋ=कृ|क+ऎ=कॆ|क+ए=के|
|क+ऐ=कै|क+ऒ=कॊ|क+ओ=को|
|क+औ=कौ|क+अं=कं|क+अः=कः|

Kannada
Vowels
ಅ ಆ ಇ ಈ ಉ ಊ ಋ
ಎ ಏ ಐ ಒ ಓ ಔ ಅಂ ಅಃ
Consonants
ಕ ಖ ಗ ಘ ಙ | ಚ ಛ ಜ ಝ ಞ
ಟ ಠ ಡ ಢ ಣ | ತ ಥ ದ ಧ ನ
ಪ ಫ ಬ ಭ ಮ | ಯ ರ ಲ ವ ಶ
ಷ ಸ ಹ ಳ
Diacritics
|ಕ್+ಅ=ಕ | ಕ+ಆ=ಕಾ | ಕ+ಇ=ಕಿ|
|ಕ+ಈ=ಕೀ| ಕ+ಉ=ಕು | ಕ+ಊ=ಕೂ |
| ಕ+ಋ=ಕೃ| ಕ+ಎ=ಕೆ | ಕ+ಏ=ಕೇ |
| ಕ+ಐ=ಕೈ | ಕ+ಒ=ಕೊ |ಕ+ಓ=ಕೋ|
| ಕ+ಔ=ಕೌ | ಕ+ಅಂ=ಕಂ| ಕ+ಅಃ=ಕಃ|

Malayalam
Vowels
അ ആ ഇ ഈ ഉ ഊ ഋ
എ ഏ ഐ ഒ ഓ ഔ അം അഃ
Consonants
ക ഖ ഗ ഘ ങ| ച ഛ ജ ഝ ഞ
ട ഠ ഡ ഢ ണ| ത ഥ ദ ധ ന
പ ഫ ബ ഭ മ| യ ര ല വ ശ
ഷ സ ഹ ള
Diacritics
|ക്+അ=ക |ക+ആ=കാ |ക+ഇ=കി|
|ക+ഈ=കീ |ക+ഉ=കു |ക+ഊ=കൂ|
|ക+ഋ=കൃ |ക+എ=കെ |ക+ഏ=കേ|
|ക+ഐ=കൈ |ക+ഒ=കൊ |ക+ഓ=കോ|
|ക+ഔ=കൌ |ക+അം=കം |ക+അഃ=കഃ|

Telugu
Vowels
అ ఆ ఇ ఈ ఉ ఊ ఋ
ఎ ఏ ఐ ఒ ఓ ఔ అం అః
Consonants
క ఖ గ ఘ ఙ |చ ఛ జ ఝ ఞ
ట ఠ డ ఢ ణ |త థ ద ధ న
ప ఫ బ భ మ |య ర ల వ శ
ష స హ ళ
Diacritics
|క్+అ=క |క+ఆ=కా |క+ఇ=కి|
|క+ఈ=కీ |క+ఉ=కు |క+ఊ=కూ|
|క+ఋ=కృ |క+ఎ=కె |క+ఏ=కే|
|క+ఐ=కై |క+ఒ=కొ |క+ఓ=కో|
|క+ఔ=కౌ |క+అం=కం |క+అః=కః|

Tamil
Vowels
அ ஆ இ ஈ உ ஊ
எ ஏ ஐ ஒ ஓ ஔ ஃ
Consonants
க க க க ங |ச ச ஜ ஜ ஞ
ட ட ட ட ண |த த த த ன
ப ப ப ப ம |ய ர ல வ ஷ
ஷ ஸ ஹ ள ற
Diacritics
|க்+அ=க |க+ஆ=கா |க+இ=கிి|
|க+ஈ=கீ |க+உ=கு |க+ஊ=கூ|
|க+எ=கெ |க+ஏ=கே |க+ஐ=கை|
|க+ஒ=கொ |க+ஓ=கோ |க+ஔ=கௌ|
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